Mounted Mail
America’s a big place. Anyone who’s been there can tell you that. Even if you’re only looking at the area west of the Mississippi, you’ve still got quite a few miles between the Pacific and yourself. And if it seems big now, when we’ve got cars and planes to whisk us across it, imagine how vast it seemed 100 years ago. When people packed up and headed west, they did so with the knowledge that not only would they not see their friends and relatives for quite some time, they would not even be able to receive correspondence from them frequently, as mail at the time was transported by boat or by stagecoaches, neither of which were particularly speedy. This problem became more pronounced as the drive westward progressed and settlements started popping out further and further west. To give you some idea of the “speed” of the mail carriers, mail from St. Louis took at least a month to reach San Francisco by boat. Sending it by stagecoach could shorten the trip by a few days, but the mail could still take up to 6 months to reach its destination (I’m stating Missouri as the starting point because it was the westernmost state reached by the railroad and telegraph lines at the time).
But it wasn’t just the citizens who wanted faster communication; the government also had great interest in a fast mail system. Near the middle of the 19th century, things were coming to a boil in the US, and civil war was a near certainty. Knowing this, the government needed to make sure that California and its newly discovered gold would side with the Union, which would have been very unlikely if there wasn’t even a fast and reliable method of communication in place.